Performance Style of Dave Brubeck

The performance style of Dave Brubeck Dave Brubeck’s unique performance style is characterized primarily by his use of polytonality, polyrhythm, and immense amounts of improvisation. His style grew from his upbringing and as he put it, â€Å"different approach to all of the normal things†. By no means did Dave take the normal approach; he made it all the way threw the conservatory with out being able to read the piano music he was playing. His ability to think on the spot and his amazing ear took jazz to the next level.He took jazz to a world of difficult technicality and created sounds with depth that amazed all who had the opportunity to listen to him. Brubeck once stated, â€Å"And there is a time where you can be beyond yourself. You can be better than your technique. You can be better than most of your usual ideas. And this is a whole other category that you can get into†-Dave Brubeck. Brubeck always went above and beyond, breaking convention. It is this unc onventional approach that defined Dave Brubeck’s Style. Polytonality as Dave described it, â€Å"(is) using multiple key centers at the same time. He was known for incorporating this technique in to many of his performances, although he admits to not knowing that he is doing it at the time. He naturally did things that were way ahead of his time. His compositions were known to use polytonality although Dave probably would not play them as he had notated them on the page. In the Dave Brubeck Oral History Project he describes a polytonal piece; â€Å"One of the early pieces I wrote in 1946 as a student with Darius Milhaud, had three different clefs instead of two clefs treble, treble, bass rather then treble clef, bass clef.And, I'd be playing a swing bass in this hand in one key, and then adding on these other things in other keys. † The use of this technique is very aptly described by Mark McFarland who wrote; â€Å"Brubeck's use of polytonality helps to project a ge neral decrease or increase in relative dissonance, thereby clarifying the formal structure on both the small- and large-scale. The comparison with tonal theory extends to include pivot chords; with Brubeck, such chords simultaneously serve as the final chord in a polychordal passage and as the first and most exotic chord in a tonal passage. †Dave Brubeck’s use of polytonality in his performance of jazz standards had a permanent affect on the history of jazz. He brought old tunes to new levels of technicality and virtuosity and in a greater sense, defined a new era in which new ideology and contemporary progression came to light. In 1961 Dave Said â€Å"I wanted to do things poly-rhythmically because I thought that jazz was much too tame. The way I wanted to set up the group was that the drummer would be playing one rhythm, the bass player another rhythm, and Paul [Desmond] and I could play in either of those rhythms or a new rhythm . . it’s time that jazz musici ans take up their original role of leading the public into more adventurous rhythms. † Polyrhythm is defined by the Grove Music Dictionary as; the superposition of different rhythms or meters. Meaning that you have two or more conflicting pulses in piece. Dave believes his best example of polyrhythm can be found in his solo on Raggedy Waltz at carnage hall. He describes that â€Å"one two, one two† is on the left hand against the waltz in 3 in his right hand. This is only one of many examples of Dave’s use of â€Å"poly-rhythmical play†.He is also known for writing pieces in what are generally considered to be strange meters for jazz. For example Take 5, Unsquare dance or Blue Rondo A La Turk. These pieces feature drastically different rhythmic structures then what was normal were a driving force in what made Dave Brubeck’s music popular. His unique way of interpreting standards using polyrhythms and giving them an entirely new feel and inspiring a generation of musicians to go further outside the box in jazz performances. Brubeck’s polyrhythmic ideas challenged the minds of both performers and listeners.Improvisation has been an essential part of jazz sense its origin, however Dave Brubeck took it to a whole new level. During his time at College Of The Pacific he managed to get all the way to his last year before any one knew that he couldn’t read music. This was all because of his remarkable improvisation skill and excellent ear. He tells a story of a recital he played at Mills College under Darius Milhaud, where he draws a blank in the middle of the first of two pieces but instead of stopping he simply begins to improvise freely and does the same for the second piece.At the end of the concert the audience applauded being none the wiser, this is because of his ability to so improvise with such complexity so freely. The only person who knew what happened Darius Milhaud who told him â€Å"Boo-Boo [nick name for Brubeck] , very good, but not what you wrote! † Brubeck credits much of his inspiration for such improvisation to the great Johan Sebastian Bach, because of the similarity between the figured base that Bach would play over with the choir and the chord changes that he and other jazz musician play over today.With the inspiration of Bach and his own remarkable natural abilities, Brubeck challenged conventional improvisation and built a complex foundation for a new form of improvisational jazz. Dave Brubeck’s performance style can be described using many musical terms such as polytonal or polyrhythmic, but the truly defining factor of his performance style is that it is unique. He himself admits to having each solo being a different from the next often not grasping the true complexity of what he had just played. Ever performance is different from the next. Dave Brubeck is great because he is unique.

Chemistry in the Movies Assignment Essay

This project will explore the public perception of chemistry. Each participating student will analyze a movie. Movies may be selected from the list on the following page or the student may find analyze any other academically acceptable movie with a chemist or chemical theme. All reviews will use academically acceptable language, spelling, and grammar and be 400 words minimum. For each movie, the student will post the following in the Chemistry in the Movies folder on Blackboard. * Summary: Write a summary (20 words minimum) of the movie’s chemical theme. * Most Important Scene: Write a description of the most important chemical scene, or scene about chemistry, from the movie (40 words minimum). * The Chemistry Involved: Write a short evaluation of the chemistry, economics, or environmental impact involved in the scene. * Is the Science Possible?: How realistic is the movie? Is the science possible? Research this and provide references. This is the most important part of the project. * Portrayal of Chemistry and Chemists: Write a short evaluation of how this movie portrays chemistry and chemists. * Three Facts that Prove I saw the Movie: Identify 3 key facts from the movie to prove that you actually watched the movie. * Viewer Rating: Provide a viewer rating for other classmates to aid in their movie selection. Use the following scale: 1- Avoid at all cost, 2- Watch when you can’t sleep, 3– Worth renting, and 4- Must see. Example: â€Å"The Invisible Man,† 1933, Claude Rains, Gloria Stuart. Chemist Jack Griffin takes monocaine, becomes invisible, goes mad, fails to develop reversion formula, wreaks havoc and is killed by the chief detective. Summary: Dr. Jack Griffin was an assistant food preservation chemist. Dr Jack Griffin, an assistant food preservation chemist, is a brilliant scientist who used monocaine as the primary component of a concoction of chemicals to render himself invisible. Most Important Scene: To me the most important chemistry set-up was when the laboratory manager was using a centrifuge with the test tubes circling in the air. The centrifuges that I have seen contain the test tubes in case they shatter. The most important only chemistry scene involved the discussion of the properties of monocaine by the laboratory manager. The Chemistry Involved: Monocaine, the most important chemical in the formula, removes the color of anything it touches. In a human, it removes coloring from compounds that make up the body, leaving it so transparent that it appears to be invisible. Is the Science Possible?: Owen (2005) reports that plasmodic covers may keep light from scattering and reduce the visibility of an object. Fox (2006) reported advances in invisibility theory. New metamaterials may be able to hide objects from visible light by bending light around the object and meeting at the opposite end. This makes the object appear to be invisible. Fox suggested that â€Å"science-fiction portrayals of invisibility, such as the cloaking devices used to hide space ships in Star Trek, might be truly possible.† Owen (2006) asserted that a chemical route to human invisibility (as used in The Invisible Man) is unlikely because the biomolecules necessary for human life require the absorption and scattering of light. He observed that hiding objects by curving space itself is also unlikely. According to Owens, the most likely method that would work for rendering an object invisible would be bending light around the object. In conclusion, the science of ingesting a chemical to become invisible is not likely, however, cloaking an object by bending light around the object may be possible in the future. Portrayal of Chemistry and Chemists: The chemist originally has both a strong interest in chemistry and an interest in becoming an important scientist. His own desires and the chemical that he consumes drive him mad and eventually lead him to his own destruction. Science is seen as strong, powerful, and dangerous. Three Facts that Prove I saw the Movie: 1. The centrifuge used in the movie spun the test tubes around in the air like a helicopter. 2. The owner of the hotel was named Mac. 3. The â€Å"stone† wall flopped when Dr. Griffin leaned on it. Viewer Rating: I rate this move as a 1 out of 4. It was very long and very slow. I recommend students try a different movie unless they like old black and white movies. References: Fox, M. 2006. Invisibility device possible, in theory. News in Science. Friday, 26 May 2006 Retrieved on July 2007 from http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s1648328.htm Owen, J. 2005. Invisibility Shields Planned by Engineers. National Geographic. 28 Feb 2005 Retrieved on July 2007 from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/02/0228_050228_invisibility.html Smith, D.R. 2006. Blueprint for Invisibility. Novel Electromagnetic Materials. 28 May 2006 Retrieved on July 2007 from http://www.ee.duke.edu/~drsmith/cloaking.html Laemmle .C. Jr.(Producer), & Whale, J. (Director). (1933). â€Å"The Invisible Man†. United States of America: New Universal. Movie List Choose from the Movie List or Suggest a Title to your Instructor. Note – Make sure to use APA within text citations and References. You will need more information than is given in the movie list to cite the movie properly. All information should be available on the movie package or online. The APA format for a film is: Producer, P. P. (Producer), & Director, D.D. (Director). (Date of publication). Title of motion picture [Motion picture]. Country of origin: Studio or distributor. Suggested Movies â€Å"Fantastic Four†, 2005, Ioan Gruffudd, Jessica Alba, Chris Evans, and Michael Chiklis. Genius Reed Richards (Ioan Gruffudd) is involve in research into human DNA. When a powerful force interacts with human DNA, humans are genetically transformed superheroes with superhuman powers. â€Å"Equlibrium,† 2002. Christian Bale, David Barrash. Prozium is a mind-altering drug that suppresses human emotions. â€Å"Spiderman†, 2002, Stanley Anderson, Gerry Becker, Jack Betts, Tobey Maguire, and Bruce Campbell. Peter Parker (Tobey Maguire) is bitten by a genetically-altered spider and his DNA mutates so that he gains superhuman strength and the ability to cling to any surface. â€Å"The Sum of All Fears,† 2002, Ben Affleck. The origin of the nuclear bomb was determined by tracing the atomic signature of bomb fragments found near the blast site. â€Å"Formula 51,† 2001, Samuel L. Jackson, Robert Carlyle. L.A. street chemist Elmo McElroy is in Liverpool to sell his latest creation, 51 a new drug made of completely legal ingredients is invented that is 51 times more powerful than any other drug. â€Å"Erin Brockovich,† 2000, Julia Roberts. Erin lands a job at the Pacific Gas & Electric Company and she discovers that it is trying to buy land contaminated by hexavalent chromium, a deadly toxic waste. â€Å"True Lies,† 1999, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Jamie Lee Curtis. Harry Tasker is a secret agent working undercover as a spy to capture a terrorist who is planning on destroying a U.S. state each week unless a ransom is paid. â€Å"The Serpent and the Rainbow,† 1988, Bill Pullman, Cathy Tyson. Scientist Dennis Alan investigates chemical basis for zombiism in Haiti in hopes it may become an anesthetic. Based on a true story. â€Å"Batman & Robin.† 1997, Arnold Schwarzenegger, George Clooney. Mr. Freeze is a molecular biologist (also known as a biochemist) who wants to cure his wife of a deadly genetic disease. â€Å"The Rock.† 1997, Sean Connery, Nicolas Cage. The chemical scene takes place in the discussion to prevent VX Gas from killing about 60,000-70,000 people in San Francisco. â€Å"The Saint.† 1997, Val Kilmer, Elisabeth Shue. Simon Templar is an international thief who plans to steal the formula for cold-fusion from Dr. Emma Russel, an electrochemist working at Oxford, and deliver it to a Russian billionaire. â€Å"Love Potion #9,† 1992. Sandra Bullock, Tate Donovan. Tate Donovan stars as a geek biochemist who cant talk to women, is persuaded by his friends to visit a gypsy, Madame Ruth. â€Å"Silkwood,† 1983. Meryl Streep, Kurt Russell, and Cher. Dramatization of the story of Karen Silkwood, the Oklahoma nuclear-plant worker who blew the whistle on dangerous practices at the Kerr-McGee plant and who died under circumstances which are still under debate. â€Å"Fantastic Voyage†, 1966, Stephen Boyd, Raquel Welch. A brilliant scientist falls into a coma with an inoperable blood clot in the brain, A surgical team journeys to the center of his mind in a submarine shrunk to microscopic dimensions. â€Å"The Nutty Professor,† 1963, Stella Stevens, Jerry Lewis wrote, directed and starred. Nerdy chemistry professor Julius Kelp creates elixir that transforms him into swinger Buddy Love. â€Å"The Absent-Minded Professor,† 1961, Fred MacMurray, Nancy Olson, Keenan Wynn. Chemistry professor Ned Brainard creates flying rubber called flubber. â€Å"Monkey Business,† 1952, Cary Grant, Ginger Rogers, Marilyn Monroe. Chemist Barnaby Fulton tests youth formula on himself. Monkey creates better formula and puts it in water cooler. â€Å"The Man in the White Suit,† 1951, Alec Guinness, Joan Greenwood. Chemist Sidney Stratton develops a fabric that never gets dirty or wears out. Garment industry owners and workers try to suppress. â€Å"Madame Curie,† 1943, Greer Garson, Walter Pidgeon. Biography of Madame Curie and husband Pierre, who co-discovered radioactive elements. â€Å"Dr. Ehrlich’s Magic Bullet,† 1940, Edward G Robinson, Ruth Gordon. Biography of Paul Ehrlich, who discovered a drug cure for syphilis despite opposition from colleagues. â€Å"Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,† 1931, Fredric March, Miriam Hopkins. Jekyll discovers a chemical that can separate the good and evil sides of someone’s personality and tries some.

Discuss the problems which an organization could face due to Research Paper

Discuss the problems which an organization could face due to ineffective communication - Research Paper Example This is the case because it is through communication that a firm’s entire rank and file is acquainted with the duties, roles and responsibilities that are specific to every portfolio. This means that ineffective communication of these values [duties, roles and responsibilities] is bound to leave employees very disoriented and without focus. The same also means that ineffective communication of duties, roles and responsibilities of specific portfolios definitely leaves to superimposition of duties and roles. 1Superimposition of duties and roles amounts to wastage of organisational resources [human resources, time, synergy and raw materials] and pave way for eventual loss. 2Secondly, it is through communication that employees are able to know their performance target and inefficient communication therefore frustrates this cause. Ineffective communication also defeats the ability to acquaint employees with organisational programmes, systems, value and culture. 3In the event that employees are unaware of how organisational programmes and systems run, confusion is bound to prevail and this may even lead to organisational collapse. Virtually, all management processes are under a threat as proper management processes fundamentally depend on hierarchical and horizontal running of systems and programmes. Conversely, ineffective communication is also likely to herald disagreements, tension and poor work relations at the workplace. This is because, ineffective communication subjects employees to ignorance on the duties, responsibilities, privileges and powers that are due to every specific office. In this case, it is likely that there will be confusion on how the organisation’s command structure and hierarchy is supposed to flow. Those who suppose that their portfolio rank higher are poised to accuse their supposed juniors of insubordination while their supposed juniors are

Physical Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physical Assessment - Essay Example The nipple is surrounded by pigmented area of the skin, known as the areola, which possesses underlying areolar glands. Normal breasts are located between the second and the sixth ribs and from the lateral margin of sternum to mid-axillary line. They enlarge during pregnancy and lactation, due to the enlargement of ducts and lobules (Snell, 2008). The normal shape of the breast is due to the connective tissue and ligaments and it is supplied by nerves, blood and lymph vessels, and lymph nodes. Accurate diagnosis is important to assess the proper function of mammary glands (in females), as well as the increasing risk of breast cancer in both males and females (WebMD, n.d.) The patient complained of severe pain in the upper lateral quadrant on the left side of her breast since the past six days, and difficulty in breathing. Her left nipple appeared to be slightly inverted since her menopause eight years ago. She had two children whom she had lactated until the first year after their births. Both the right and left breasts appeared symmetrical and were located on the pectoral muscles in normal position and were of an average size. The skin was smooth throughout and there was no discoloration, heat or erythema on either of them. Her right nipple was everted but her left one had been inverted since menopause. Upon palpation, the right breast had no swollen lymph nodes or tenderness, but the upper left quadrant of left breast had focal nodularity, slight swelling of axilla and tenderness. There was no discharge from either of the nipples. Upon mammography and sentinel node biopsy, it was discovered that the patient had metastatic breast cancer and advised mastectomy and subsequent chemotherapy and breast irradiation. Her estrogen and progesterone receptor assays were positive, confirming the aforementioned prognosis. Educate the patient regarding breast cancer and its specifics. Bilateral

Wilhelm Leibniz's Philosophical Writings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Wilhelm Leibniz's Philosophical Writings - Essay Example Mathematicians still use Leibniz's notations and symbols as standards. (Burnham, 2001) This paper also discusses his philosophical writings which span decades. Leibniz was a child prodigy. According to differing sources, his father was a metaphysicist and/or a professor of moral philosophy. Regardless, as a true Renaissance man, Gottfried matured into both and many other things too. He studied law and religion. He sought a way to unite Roman Catholics and Protestants by means of a new Christian theology. He proficiently spoke Latin and Greek before his teen years, and later learned Hebrew. (Speck and Reilly, 1998-2007) Of course, he was a mathematician of the highest capability in his times. A stigma came with his invention (discovery and development) of calculus. His work came quickly on the heels of Sir Isaac Newton's work founding calculus. In scholarly circles there were significant conflicting claims about who deserved credit for fathering the new field of math. Factions of supporters for both great men wanted their man to have sole plaudits. Some accounts of history say this contentiousness stunted the progress of advanced mathematics for almost a century. (Burnham, 2001. see "1. Life" 3) However, Leibniz's works in logic, ethics, morality, truth, reason and theology are the main focus here. They intertwined into a core philosophy that culminates in goodness; more specifically, God's goodness. Leibniz has three main writings dwelling on the essence and marriage of these diverse but related topics. Scholars have pulled them together. They are: - "Philosophical Investigations" (1670), found on the internet citing Leibniz's quotes by number and page - "Theodicy" (1710), a study of good and evil, wrestling with the Question of Evil - "Monadology, Monad" (1714), alludes to 'wave particles' by propounding "connectivity" of all things Leibniz didn't actually publish until very late in his life, 1710 and 1714. Many of his profound concepts have been culled from letters and other documents. He was a "deep thinker" by the standards of any era. He connected the physical "real world" with the metaphysical. Many of his ideas would be incomprehensible to most people today. Those able to stay abreast would be quite challenged on both philosophical and scientific levels of thought. A culture of admiring and critically appraising philosophers, ethicists and moralists pore over and through Leibniz's ideas. Physical scientists have expanded upon his inferences and surmising (combined with those of others, as well) on the composition of the universe. Progenitor of Wave Theory - A Physical Sphere It wasn't called Wave Theory in 1700. But, Leibniz intuited that all matter is somehow connected. He gave credit and responsibility to God. Since then, standing on the "connectivity" concept, physicists have arrived at Wave Structure Matter (WSM). (Haselhurst and Howie, 1998-2007. "Philosophy") The gist of WSM is that waves [of connectivity] course through space between all things that humankind perceives to be separate objects. Leibniz was a stout proponent of such connectivity. Without the technology to delve deeper into finding physical proof, he rationalized a system of thought that was largely based on an a priori rationale about the metaphysical. Since then, physicists, with technological advantages that

Response to liberalism and racial justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response to liberalism and racial justice - Essay Example The interpretation of the same by different philosophers also indicates the varying definitions that are adopted by the liberals at their convenience. I believe that liberalism should be simply defined in terms of equality that is able to empower people cutting across race, culture, color or nationality. Thus, true liberalism must eliminate race and promote cultural diversity to mark the freedom of people, located at different geographical region. Knowledge and education therefore become must become intrinsic to the ideology and encourage it on a global basis. The supremacy of White is a disillusion that is promoted as a legacy of past when Whites were able to buy slaves and exploit them for their own selfish needs. In the current times of rapid globalization, the diminishing geographical boundaries have resulted in new order based on mutual dependency. Thus, liberalism needs to be associated with racial justice based on equality and freedom to make choices that do not offend others or infringe their

Developing a Conceptual Framework is an Impossible Possibility Essay

Developing a Conceptual Framework is an Impossible Possibility - Essay Example According to the paper the financial statements of different companies must be able to satisfy the needs of a variety of users who mostly want to compare one company with another. When a standard is followed by all the companies, the financial statements become reliable for the users as they can safely compare all the companies and make important financial decisions. Accounting, therefore, entails a statement of accepted accounting rules. These rules form the structure of reference for the financial reporting. The conceptual framework forms the foundation for expansion of new accounting criteria and the assessment of those standards that are already in place. Further, it forms the basis for establishing which events should be accounted for and how the same should be released to the accountants. Functions of conceptual framework Conceptual framework lays out the objectives of the financial statements. Financial statements are meant to reflect the financial standing of institutions. Co nceptual framework of accounting therefore offers the foundation and the guidelines that should be followed to reveal the economic situation of an institution at a given period of time. Financial statements include the balance sheet, the income statements, statement of cash flow and the statement of shares holders’ equity. Conceptual framework also identifies the qualitative characteristics which establish the importance of the information in the financial statements. Financial statement reveals the financial situation of an institution; they are very important for the stakeholders of the institution. Shareholders and other interested parties in an institution are guided by the financial information of that institution From this discussion it is clear that the conceptual framework offers guidelines to framing of financial statements. Conceptual framework requires the financial statements of a company to provide a true and fair view. This means that all the information provide d in the financial statements must be free from fraud or material misrepresentation. The framework requires the financial statements to have four qualitative characteristics which ensure that they give a true and fair view of an entity’s financial position. Firstly, the statements need to be understandable which means that they must be free from any ambiguity that might mislead a user. Secondly, the financial statements need to be relevant. Information is relevant when it is able to influence the economic decisions of the users. It should be predictive in the sense that a user must be able to make reliable predictions about an entity’s future by using the information. It must also be confirmatory which is achieved when it confirms the previous predictions of users regarding an entity. Thirdly, the information needs to be reliable. Information that is free from material errors and bias is regarded as reliable. Reliable information is faithfully represented, neutral, pru dent, and complete and substance is given priority over legal forms of various elements.  

International Banking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Banking - Assignment Example Monetary policy A lower monetary policy increases the bank’s risk taking. When the monetary policy is low, it impacts on the loan industry’s ability to lend and give mortgage. It also impacts on the consumer and the business loan interests. These insufficient considerations to protect the losses that could be incurred through loan defaulters, just served to increase the inappropriate usage by the loan borrowers. This created a need to put into place the measures that reduced the misuse of these funds. Therefore, a well laid down strategy integrating the mode of pay and the borrower’s loan thresh hold and ability to service it had to be established (Jaffee, 2010). This measure was meant to eliminate the motivation that encouraged the borrowers to take higher risks of unplanned for huge sum borrowing. Executive compensation arrangements is an arrangement that enabled the executive to get huge cash amounts of equity based and bonus compensation before the long-term consequences of decisions are realized. This motivated the executive to only pay attention to the short-term outcomes and fail to focus on the long-term adverse effects this had on the shareholders. This therefore called for the implementation of adequate legislation that would minimize the chances of the executive undertaking activities that exposed the banks to higher and excessive levels of risk taking. There has been found to have a need to instill into the banks management a good system of eliminating these risks. Secondly, internal Investment is another strategy that was applied by most of these banks. There was a high tendency of the executives of these banks to invest heavily on the shares of the banks they headed. Consequently, this tendency made them disregard the possibility of falling into the crisis. They only perceived the upward trend of investing more and more to increase their share holding in their companies. According to Calomiris and Mason (2004), it is against t his background, that a need to regulate the executive pay was realized. This move is to ensure that the executives’ financial capacity is strongly linked to the shareholders interest. This being he case, the executive is hindered from possessing the great ability of investing highly into the organization they are heading. This ensures a reduced executive’s ambition, and consequently instills a sense of vigilance and supervision of lending activities by their banks. Bank performance Inflow of foreign currency Banks total assets in millions AGRI BANK 39866.5 47007.4 52264.0 63285.8 66143.3 AMEGY 9351.94 10359.2 11836.1 12354 11089.3 ALLIANCE 9490.5 10601.1 9368.8 8503.5 172313.0 Years 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 There was an influx of foreign currency from other continents. It is this influx of these foreign currencies that resulted to relaxation of the lending terms by the banks. This served to enable business community to invest in the housing market. Later, the value of the houses greatly declined and consequently there were greater losses incurred by those who had invested in homes. These loses in turn enhanced the high rate of defaults in loan repayments, which in to a large extent minimized the financial stability of the banks. The banks instability affected the overall performance of the economy by slowing

Management of a Family Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Management of a Family Business - Essay Example A family business can be described as the kind of commercial organisations where the decision-making process is often influenced by several generations of a group of people that are united by marriage or blood. In many instances, these people are often identified by the particular business through ownership or the process of leadership. It is important to realize that businesses that are characterized by an effective relationship between the owner and manager cannot fall into this category of businesses because of lack of the element of marriage or blood relationship. For this reason, family businesses are those that have a unique relationship of the leaders and managers of the particular business. In the recent, studies on the growth and operations of family-run businesses have been increasing; however, DeRond &Bouchikhi, explains that this is not always easy as compared to those businesses that do not have such kinds of mutual relationships. According to Deresky, one of the reasons that makes the study of these businesses something quite hard depends on the fact that these businesses do not always have proper standards of business management like other businesses. On many occasions, it is the high level of trust among the managers and other leaders that drives the growth and success of these businesses. These businesses tend to lack many of the requirements for effective financial reporting; additionally, very little information is often given to the public about these businesses regarding their financial performance as well as other important aspects

Philosophies of Religion Essay Example for Free

Philosophies of Religion Essay This Essay portrays the basic philosophies of religion particularly Christianity. This will be helpful for Christians to refresh or enhance their faith or take the challenge in strengthening their beliefs. Among the important and basic Christian philosophies to be discussed include; the true religion, real and false churches, minds and soul, heaven and heal, life after death, love and forgiveness, perfect marriage, miracles, Trinity, the challenging questions about the Da Vinci Code, Christians and Muslims, perfect marriage, etc. The discussions presented in this article are focused on indepth reflections of my previous work entitled, Echoes of Heaven: Gods Love is Better than Life Itself. This further simplify the understanding of mysterious things concerning Christian faith and the challenges that shaken or strengthen the beliefs of a Christian. Introduction Many people (Christians and non-Christians) are in a great religious confusion with tough questions about faith, life, death and many other challenging concerns that will most likely affect the faith or belief of the people. Most are searching for answers through reading literatures, the holy bible or the Koran, discussions with peers, religious institutions, and even through prayers. This essay will attempt to offer explanations of the many questions that challenge the beliefs of Christians and non-Christians. Some inputs of this essay are generated from my article, â€Å"Echoes of Heaven: Gods Love is Better than Life Itself† that aim to enhance man’s relation with God. What is Soul? Soul is the energy that God places within a human body so it would receive life. It is in the form of spirit which is invisible to human eyes. It does not reside in one part of the body but keeps on moving throughout the blood. It can leave the body, go to another place or world, and come back into it as long as it remains connected. It happens so fast because it can move at the speed of light. It has the ability to travel into the future and tell how the future will be, that is a vision. Soul gives light and lives in the body and also prevents the body from decaying, and once the soul is unconscious or leaves the body, the body has no life, and therefore it starts decaying. The soul is the body’s life giving spiritual thing which is separate and distinct from the body. They are inseparable in any way when the body is conscious, but the soul could be away from the body when the latter is unconscious. How do minds and soul communicate? Soul has no language barriers. There is only one language understood by all souls, or perhaps the soul has the ability to understand all languages. It has unlimited power and the ability to perform anything. When God created man, He granted this power and authority where the soul operates in human flesh in which the latter is ruled by a human mind. Human minds are limited in terms of power, their ability to perform, language, and mobility, among other things. Mind’s desire is for material or physical things while the soul desires for the things that are spiritual. The soul has the ability to see beyond what the naked eye cannot see and has the ability to gather information from different places in an instant. It is stated that even the absence of language, the soul still communicate with mind in harmony. Soul is therefore, considered as master over mind. A gap is identified between the human level and the spiritual level where either the spirit of God resides or the spirit of the Devil. The soul provides information to the mind. The spirit of God empowers the soul to act at its fullness, but the evil spirit empowers the mind or the flesh. The mind has the ability to process and store information or idea communicated from the soul which can be destructive or creative, depending on its source. What is a true religion? A true religion is the one that follow God’s guidance by building a good relationship with God. God is interested in having a good relationship with people; this is the true religion, knowing what God wants and knowing that we are doing what pleases Him. Likewise, the ISLAM HERALD (2003) stated that a true religion is teaching true concepts like the existence of God, that He is powerful and loving, He is aware of us and wishes to help us, and that certain things are required of us in return. It is therefore imperative that everyone should think that religion is just a vehicle to let people know that there is God and that He wants all the people to follow what He wants. Hence, the issue on true religion should not be argued. People who argue and claim that their religion is the true religion are those who did not follow what God wants them to do, hence, they are fools influenced by the thoughts of the devil. What is death, and how do people feel when dying? Death is the state when the soul has completely left the body and has no connection, or the soul is still in the body but unconscious. When a person meets an accident, the flesh may completely fail to function but the soul is fully conscious, preoccupied with many things, without expecting in meeting death. In this situation, the death of accident victim is declared but remains fully conscious within the body in which souls are looking for mercy, and they can talk. However, after some days, the soul gives up and became unconscious because they can no longer gain strength. What happens when one dies? When some people die, their souls remain unconscious within their bodies; others get out of their body and begin roaming around while the holy ones go to paradise, led by angels. The death of the holy ones will open the gate to a bright world where the angels are waiting to take them home (paradise), but those who remain in the grave are surrounded by darkness; they are not warm or cold. The latter’s case will be determined during the Day of Judgment. The rebellious ones still go on roaming the world and their souls are fully dedicated to the Devil. Are heaven and hell real? The Holy Bible tells everyone that there is heaven and hell. This contention can be read in some passages of the Bible, and among them are the book of Revelation and the gospel of Mathew which can be read below. Heaven Revelation 21:1-4 reads: Now I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away. Also there was no more sea. Then I, John, saw the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. And I heard a loud voice from heaven saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and He will dwell with them, and they shall be His people. Hell Jesus used different images to describe hell. He used the images of torment (Matthew 25:46), a place of weeping and gnashing of teeth (Matthew 8:12), a place of outer darkness (Matthew 8:12), and a place of fire (Matthew 3:12). Revelation 21:8 describes it as the lake which burns with fire and brimstone To demonstrate that hell is a place of continual and eternal torment, Revelation 14:11 states that â€Å"the smoke of their torment ascends forever and ever; and they have no rest day or night, who worships the beast and his image, and whoever receives the mark of his name. This is the biblical teaching on hell. Those who try to dilute it are only hurting people; hell is real, and everyone who does not submit to the gospel of Christ will go there. However, Rev. Douglas Taylor of the Unitarian Universalist Congregation of Binghamton, argue that Hell, like Heaven, is essentially a state of mind although the very opposite state of mind to heaven. If hell is within us, it will be seen outside of us as a place (a hideous place), ref lecting the hideousness of the evil within†. Is there life after death? Yes, there is life after death. This is supported by the Bible’s passage particularly in John 11:25-26 where God said â€Å"There is only one way – through faith and trust in Gods Son, Jesus Christ. Jesus said, â€Å"I am the resurrection and the life. Those who believe in me, even though they die like everyone else, will live again. They are given eternal life for believing in me and will never perish. Furthermore, this can also be read in the book of Mathew 25:46 which states that â€Å"Those who have been made righteous will go into eternal life in heaven, but unbelievers will be sent to eternal punishment or hell†. Who is right, Christians or Muslims? Christians and Muslims believe in the same God, and their faith is based on the Old Testament. These believers are both believe in the Day of Judgment and the coming of Jesus Christ for the second time. Many are amazed that the Koran talked more about Mary, the mother of Jesus, in regards to the birth of Christ than the Bible itself. Both groups of believers believe in the living God, the Most High King, and the God of the universe. At that high level, both groups have no difference. Those who called by His name are given the power and authority to rule and judge the world. God was just using different messengers for the Christians and the Muslims; Christ Jesus for the Christians, and Mohammad for the Muslims. But, they the same believed the old testament of the Holy Bible. In the eyes of God, the righteous are those who believe that there is God; obey His commands, and those who recognize that He is the most powerful and merciful God. What is a perfect marriage? A perfect marriage is a marriage that put God in the center. A perfect marriage is bound with open communication, faith and trust with each other. In Ephesians 5:23-33 of the Holy Bible, God describes that perfect marriage is based on love. He commands the husband to love his wife more than he loves himself, and to nourish and cherish her. A man should provide for his wife’s needs and consider her a precious possession. The most important part of a good marriage is LOVE, not just a physical attraction, but true love and concern for each other before God. Marriages that last are built on love (Ecclesiastes 9:9). The wise man Solomon said that enjoying life’s blessings with a loving companion is a great reward. Love’s endurance knows no limits, its trust no end, its hope no fading; it can outlast anything. If, we will but follow Gods pattern for the marriage relationship, we can find the happiness that God intended when He ordained it. The pleasure and happiness are there when the husband and the wife have the proper love for each other and for God. These explanations about perfect marriage are anchored on LOVE. What is the secret behind miracles? The secret behind miracles is faith. Many scriptures in the Holy Bible (in the New Testament) tell how Jesus shown that faith makes miracles. However, in some cases, miracles are used by the devil to mislead the people of God and forget the true miracle from God which is the miracle of forgiveness of sins. Do all miracles come from God? Not all miracles come from God. Dan Corner of Evangelical Outreach reveals that miracles come from two sources that is God and devil. The book of Exodus that â€Å"some of Gods miracles were duplicated by Satans power channeled through the Egyptian magicians: a wooden staff became a snake† (7:10, 11); â€Å"water was changed into blood† (7:20-22)† and frogs came out of the water and covered the land† (8:6, 7)! † Demons can and do perform miraculous signs† (Rev. 16:14, p. 142). In the Holy Bible (New Testament) Jesus Christ made many miracles of healing the sick people, giving life again to the declared dead person, calming storms, etc. All the miracles performed by Jesus came from God. Are all churches real? Not all churches are real. Elephant shared in his article that the real churches are those where the worshippers are singing with the same voice, moving in the same direction, without confusion, and seek God for salvation. Real churches are those with true worshippers. True worshippers of God are poor in hearts seeking God and left everything behind just to follow God with one purpose, salvation. Is there any false church or prophet? There are so many false churches and prophets even during the time of Jesus Christ. False church is look like a market place where there are lots of confusions; people are seeking God for material things not salvation. Yes, there were false prophets as supported by Ezekiel 13, even God warn the people against false prophets and said to Ezekiel â€Å"These foolish prophets are doomed! They provide their own inspiration and invent their own visions. Christians of today, your prophets are as useless as foxes living among the ruins of the city. They do not guard the places where the walls have crumbled, nor do they build the walls, and so the churches cannot be defended when war comes on the day of the Lord. Their visions are false, and their predictions are lies. They claim that they are speaking my message, but I have not sent them. Yet they expect their words to come true! I tell them: Those visions you see are false, and the predictions you make are lies. You say that they are my words, but I have not spoken to you†. Jeremiah was told by God to â€Å"Tell my people not to listen to what those false prophets say; they are filling you with false hopes. They tell you what they have imagined and not what I have said. To the people who refuse to listen to what I have said, they keep saying that all will go well with them. And they tell everyone who is stubborn that disaster will never touch him. † Is man a complicated creature? Why and why not? Man is a complicated creature because God has provided them everything, the life, the trees that produces foods they need. In Genesis 2:15-16, God even give man a companion in the presence of Eve. With a condition that he should not eat the fruit of the tree that gives knowledge of what is good and bad because the punishment of death will be accorded to him by God. Man’s complication started when he disobey God. The complication continue when God give different languages to human beings and scattered them all over the world. It is hard to understand man because something else that God had no intention to create was created after eating the fruit of the tree that gives knowledge of what is good and what is bad. Man became a complicated creature and that is why we suffer, because we need to prove to God that we can be faithful and trusted once more. Our first parent chose to follow or listen to a stranger, the devil. He ignored the instruction of God, despite or everything provided to him by God.

Influence of Language Contact on English Language

Influence of Language Contact on English Language To what extent has language contact affected the English language? In discussing the influence of other languages on the English language, the term language contact may be defined as the impact of other languages on English as a result of socio-historical interaction (Mà ¡rquez 90). Languages are dynamic entities, which are constantly evolving to reflect our needs and the state of the societies that we live in (Bex 26). This is certainly the case for the English language, which has been heavily influenced by many languages throughout history as a result of numerous invasions, proselytism, interest in so-called prestigious languages, and many other factors, with the code-switching that ensued as a result of these having a profound impact on English. Therefore, this essay will illustrate the enduring impact that language contact has had by looking at how aspects of the English language like lexicon, orthography, phonology and place-names have been greatly affected by Englishs interaction with other languages, with particular focus on the influence of the Italic languages of Latin and French. Regarding lexicon and place-names, Latin has undeniably left a lasting impression on the English language. For instance, Jonathan Culpeper states that the Romans most successful raid under Emperor Claudius in AD 43 was what successfully laid the foundation for the partial Latinisation of many of Britains Celtic place-names (2, 3). While it remained rare for British place-names to be mostly derived from Latin origins, rare exceptions such as Speen from the Latin Spinis do exist; however, one of the most prominent legacies that Latin left occurred through compounding, with certain elements of the names of numerous cities and towns having Latin roots (Nielsen 154, 155). For instance, the suffix -wich in place-names such as Greenwich was derived from the Latin vicus, meaning village (Ayers and Cherry 7). Regardless, while Latin certainly had an impact on many British place-names, it also left a more general mark on the English language in the form of borrowed lexicon and loanwords. According to Culpeper, while early Christian missionaries introduced approximately four hundred and fifty Latin words into Old English through religious texts, and thousands of Latin loans entered the English Language during the Middle English period from areas such as religion, science, law and literature, it was not until the sixteenth century that borrowing from Latin and Greek became extremely popular (36, 37), which became a defining feature of Early Modern English (c.1500 17000). This may be explained by the influence of the Renaissance (c. 1300 1600), which was a time of significant interest in the sciences and arts, and which led to a renewed interest in Latin as the language of scholars, scientists and philosophers (Minkova and Tunberg xxvi). However, as there were no English equivalents for man y of the complex scholarly terms featured in these texts, approximately seven-thousand Latin loanwords entered the English language, which often represented abstract concepts, unlike English words of Germanic origins (Culpeper 39). Also, several Latinate roots have been borrowed numerous times, resulting in doublets; for instance, the Latin word sal has inspired numerous English words, including saline and salary (Green 35). Nonetheless, borrowing from Latin decreased after the seventeenth century, mainly due to Englishs newfound prestige and status as the language of scholarship (Culpeper 37, 38). Regardless, it is clear to see that Latin has had a profound impact on the English lexicon through thousands of loanwords. On the other hand, because of the Norman invasion of 1066, French became the official language of law and administration in England and, due to its prestigious status as the language of the upper class and the code-switching that occurred after the invasion, approximately ten-thousand French words associated with warfare, rule, law and fashion (Millar 126) were adopted into the English language during the Middle English period (c. 1100-1500) (Mellinkoff 97). However, while some Norman-French terms completely replaced their Old English counterparts, such fortune replacing wyrd, semantic change occurred when both terms survived, with an example being the distinction between the Old English house and the French loan mansion (Culpeper 37). However, much like Latin, French borrowing has been in decline since the upper class stopped speaking French and English became regarded as the new language of administration (Culpeper 37, 38), yet the influence of French has lived on in various levels of borrowings, such as through borrowed food-related lexis like poultry, phrases such as mà ©nage à   trois, and bound morpheme suffixes like -ible (Fromkin et al. 358, 505). Unlike the written lexis of Latin, the fact that French influenced English mostly through spoken vocabulary is significant because it places French loanwords between Germanic and Latinate lexis in that they may convey a mixed register and refer both concrete and abstract concepts (Culpeper 39). However, while Norman-French generally had a small impact on place-names as most British places already had established names by 1066, some elements of French did inspire certain naming practices. For example, the French-speaking aristocracy routinely named castles and estates like Belvoir and Malpas directly after landmarks and places in France, Norman scribes substituted sounds for some more familiar to French (which is reflected in the spelling and pronunciation of places such as Cambridge), and the prevalence of double-barrelled named manors like Kingston Lacy can also be attributed to the French aristocracy, who often gave their properties recognisable names to distinguish their manors from others (Mills xvi). Consequently, much like Latin, it is undeniable that French has had an impact on the place-names and lexicon of the English language. Moreover, it may be argued that both languages have had a significant impact on the orthography and, in turn, the phonology of the English language. The fact that English spellings are not always phonemic, for example, may be attributed partly to the move from the Runic alphabet to the Latin alphabet used by the Romans during the Conversion Period (c. AD 597 AD 735), which meant that there were not enough orthographic counterparts for all of the Old English phonemes, as the Latin alphabet consisted of only twenty-three letters (Culpeper 22). Also, Doreen Scott-Dunne has noted that Latin impacted English orthography and phonology through etymological respellings. For instance, because of the renewed interest in Latin and Greek texts, many Renaissance scholars decided to respell certain words to make them orthographically resemble their Latin origins, which is evident in the change of words like the Middle English det to the modern debt, which now more closely resembles the Latin debi tum (62). However, while this simply resulted in the addition of silent letters to many words (Scott-Dunne 62), other Latin-inspired spelling changes were mirrored by significant changes in pronunciations. For example, Renaissance scholars often added the letter after in words to make English appear as prestigious as Latin, which changed lexis like the Old French loan trone to throne (Algeo and Butcher 155).   This resulted in a change of pronunciation, with the words first phoneme shifting from [t] to [ÃŽÂ ¸]; nonetheless, this was not a universal change for all words that contained the letter , and words like Anthony did not always change in pronunciation in British English, which exemplifies the fact that language contact can often result in a lack of regularity (Algeo and Butcher 155). Furthermore, French scribes during the Middle English period may have caused English spelling variations (House 243), which often led to phonological changes. For instance, the runic symbol , which represented the phoneme [w], was scarcely used after 1300, due to it being replaced by the symbols or , which originated in northern France (Culpeper 22). Also, the letter represented a vowel in Middle English, but a consonantal that was pronounced as [dÊ’] appeared during the Middle English period, which is often attributed to the influence of Norman-French (House 241). However, another significant phonological impact occurred because the importation of French lexis during the Middle Ages encouraged a separation of voiced and unvoiced fricatives into separate phonemes (Millar 126). While Old English had simply represented [f] and [v] as at the start of words and in other positions, the importation of French lexis like voice that began with the phoneme [v], along with the desire to speak with a prestigious French accent, meant that graphological distinctions between the phonemes naturally occurred (Millar 126). Similarly, while lexis such as centre was borrowed from the Latin centrum, the influence of French meant that the grapheme started to represent the phoneme [s] instead of [k] in some words (Culpeper 26), leading to a lack of regularisation. Additionally, while Old English had a strict stress pattern, in which stress fell on the first central (not prefix) syllable, the stress pattern of French was variable depending on each word and, therefore, prosodic changes had to take place during the Middle Ages so that French loanwords could be smoothly integrated into English (Millar 126). However, while etymological respellings of some words took place to show their French origins, scribes sometimes incorrectly assumed the etymology of words like island, meaning a was added to the Middle English iland to make resemble the Old French isle, even though the word was originally from the Old English iegland, and therefore had Germanic roots (Horobin 112, 113). By and large, the profound influence of Latin and French on the English language exemplifies the fact that languages are not static, and continuously evolve organically in order to meet our linguistic and societal needs. In fact, English itself has already split into separate variations like American English and Australian English, which each have unique variations based on their contact history. Moreover, due to advances in travel and technology, English continues to be shaped and changed by more languages in our modern world, as evidenced by recent additions to the Oxford English Dictionary such as dopiaza (dopiaza, n.) and maitake (maitake, n.), which have Hindi and Japanese roots, respectively. Therefore, while syntagmatic, paragigmatic, social and technological changes (including scientific discoveries and the development of the internet) are arguably the primary causes of language change in the twenty-first century (Algeo and Butcher 10), language contact has undeniably had a s ignificant impact on the English language overall, and will most likely continue to play a role in influencing various aspects of the English language for years to come. Works cited: Algeo, John, and Carmen A. Butcher. The Origins and Development of the English Language. Seventh ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, 2013. Print. Ayers, Donald M., and R. L. Cherry. English Words from Latin and Greek Elements. Second ed. Ed. Thomas D. Worthen. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 1986. Print. Bex, Tony. Variety in Written English: Texts in Society: Societies in Text. London, England: Routledge, 1996. Print. Culpeper, Jonathan. History of English. Second ed. London, England: Routledge, 2005. Print. dopiaza, n. OED Online. Oxford University Press, December 2016. Web. Accessed 30 December 2016. Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams. An Introduction to Language. Ninth ed. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, 2010. Print. Green, Tamara M. The Greek & Latin Roots of English. Fifth ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2014. Print. Horobin, Simon. Does Spelling Matter?. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2013. Print. House, Linda I. Introductory Phonetics and Phonology: A Workbook Approach. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 1998. Print. maitake, n. OED Online. Oxford University Press, December 2016. Web. Accessed 30 December 2016. Mà ¡rquez, Miguel Fuster. Working with Words: An Introduction to English Linguistics. Eds. Miguel Fuster Mà ¡rquez and Antonia Sà ¡nchez. Valà ¨ncia, Spain: University of Valà ¨ncia, 2011. Print. Mellinkoff, David. The Language of the Law. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2004. Print. Millar, Robert McColl. English Historical Sociolinguistics. Edinburgh, England: Edinburgh University Press, 2012. Print. Mills, A. D. A Dictionary of British Place-Names. Fourth ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2011. Print. Minkova, Milena, and Terence Tunberg. Latin for the New Millennium: Level 2: Student Text. Vol. 5. Mundelein, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 2009. Print. Nielsen, Hans Frede. The Continental Backgrounds of English and its Insular Development until 1154. Vol. 1. Odense, Denmark: Odense University Press, 1998. Print. Scott-Dunne, Doreen. When Spelling Matters: Developing Writers Who Can Spell and Understand Language. Ontario, Canada: Pembroke, 2012. Print.

Concept of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) Essay -- essays researc

Concept of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) Voice over Internet Protocol, commonly known as VoIP, is a technology used for the transmission of voice information using the Internet Protocol (IP). VoIP allows the sending of voice information in a digital form using packets as opposed to the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the Public Switched Telephone network (PSTN). Traditionally when one wishes to make a phone call, a call is placed using a telephone that is connected to a circuit-switched network. In a circuit switched network, network resources are static; the network resources are allocated from the sender to the receiver before the start of the voice transmission. Two points are connected in both directions thus creating a â€Å"circuit†. The resources remain dedicated to the circuit during the entire transfer and the entire voice transmission follows the same path, this is the foundation of the PSTN. Up until circa 1960, every call had a dedicated wiring stretching from one end of the call to the other for the duration of the call. An example of this essential physical connection is a call from New York to Los Angeles required all the switches to connect pieces of copper wire between the two points for the entire duration of the call. Naturally this was expensive due to the resources in use. Telephone conversations today are somewhat more efficient and cost a lot less. The voice transmission is digitized, and along with thousands of other phone calls can ...

Oedipus the King Essay -- Greek Tragedy Oedipus King Essays

Oedipus the King The ancient Greeks were famous for their tragedies. These dramas functioned to â€Å"ask questions about the nature of man, his position in the universe, and the powers that govern his life† (â€Å"Greek† 1). Brereton (1968) stated that tragedies typically â€Å"involved a final and impressive disaster due to an unforeseen or unrealized failure involving people who command respect and sympathy. It often entails an ironical change of fortune and usually conveys a strong impression of waste. It is always accompanied by misery and emotional distress† (20). The play, Oedipus the King, by Sophocles definitely demonstrated the characteristics of an impressive disaster unforeseen by the protagonist that involved a character of respect, included irony, and was accompanied by misery and emotional distress. Tragedies usually chronicle a disaster that was unforeseen by the protagonist. To qualify as a disaster this event must have striking circumstances (Brereton 6). The spectators of the tragedy feel a deep sympathy for the protagonist because the decision made by this character was done without intending evil (New T-349). In Oedipus the King, Oedipus chose to leave Corinth to prevent the prophecy that he would kill his father and marry his mother. Even though this appeared to be an appropriate decision, it was wrong. In the process of leaving Corinth, Oedipus came across his real father at a three-road intersection and during a scuffle killed him. Later he married his mother, Iocastà ª, fulfilling the prophecy. Oedipus did not know that this was his true father or mother because he deliberately made the decision to leave Corinth thinking that Polybos and Meropà ª were his parents. The disaster that occurred her... ...t of the play. The play spoke of the downfall of Oedipus from respected king (someone of status) to a penniless, blind, exiled peasant who was scorned by the kingdom. At the end of the play, Oedipus and his family suffered the disgrace of their true reality. Works Cited Brereton, Geoffrey. Principles of Tragedy. Florida: University of Miami Press, 1968. â€Å"Greek Tragedy.† http://www.stremnet.nf.ca/~hblake/tragedy1.html (23 Nov. 1999). â€Å"Irony.† The American Heritage Dictionary. 1969. Mandel, Oscar. A Definition of Tragedy. New York: University Press of American, 1982. Sophocles. Oedipus the King. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry and Drama. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 7th ed. New York: Longman, 1999. 1255-1294. â€Å"Tragedy.† New Stanford Encyclopedia. 1998. â€Å"Tragedy.† The World Book Encyclopedia. 1998.

Reflective Essay on Fiction Writing :: Teaching Writing Education Essays

Reflective Essay on Fiction Writing I’ll be honest. I was worried about writing fiction up until I realized that fiction is just nonfiction exaggerated, nonfiction with a wider allowance for artistic merit, and nonfiction with the gaps filled in. And fiction doesn’t have to be as imaginative, in a fantasy sense, as I had thought. It’s still very real, or at least mine is. For the nonfiction essay, I wrote a string of memories, anything I could think of and that I could potentially expand upon in a longer piece, and I did this early on. For this fiction essay, I am doing something similar; I made a list of character types and wrote some sketches of ‘characters’ I’ve come across in my own life. I used one of these character types for my extraordinary scene, and then sought help from the king of making the ordinary extraordinary, William Carlos Williams, to fix the character in a scene. Using the character type worked for me this time because I was merely observing her; there was some distance, and I didn’t have to get inside her head so much. In general, though, I find that I shy away from the character types, at least for our assignments, because they require a lot of work on my part, and I didn’t have enough time to get to know them well enough to do them justice in a story. So I stuck to the characters I knew more ab out. For my short fiction, I worked off the framework of a story that I knew happened. But my knowledge of the event was very limited (it could be told in one sentence), so I filled in the gaps and made it fiction by telling my version of what might have happened. For the longer fiction, I worked off of something that one of my real life ‘characters’ said jokingly, but I built a fictional story around it being said in all seriousness. Overall, I’m happy with my extraordinary scene. I like the picture I created. It’s satisfying. I like it on its own, but I also wonder what more I could do with it. I think I could work with her character, maybe bring her up against some trouble. We discussed this in conference, but I really think that I should think up some trouble for my characters. I think I have developed and even embodied my characters well, but my stories don’t push any limits because they lack tension and urgency.

Nursing Effectivness Concept Paper Essay

Walker & Avant’s methodology (2005) is used to analyze the concept of the word effective; this provides clarity to the meaning of the concept and identifies its unique attributes, particularly in relation to medical treatment. Antecedents and consequences of presumed effective medical treatment are discussed followed by empirical referents, which aid in illuminating the concept of effectiveness. Assumedly, â€Å"effective† is an adjective most healthcare professionals and their patients would hope to use in describing the outcome of the treatment or the care provided. The purpose of this concept analysis is to understand that for physicians and nurses to provide truly effective treatment, it must attend to multiple needs of the patient, not just their illness. Not only is it important for healthcare providers to construct and implement a treatment plans, but also to involve patients in medical decision making about their treatment. To determine effectiveness, healthcare providers must assess how treatment of the illness effects the patient in addition to their own evaluation of treatment. The dictionary definitions of effective are (a) adequate to accomplish a purpose, producing the intended or expected result; (b) in operation or in force, functioning; (c) producing a deep or vivid impression; (d) prepared and available for service; and (e) a member of the armed forces fit for duty or active service (â€Å"Effective†, n.d. a). According to Stedman’s Medical Dictionary (2006), the medical definitions of effective are (a) the extent to which a treatment achieves its intended purpose; (b) A measure of the accuracy or success of a diagnostic or therapeutic technique when carried out in an average clinical environment. According to Wikipedia (n.d. b), the usage of effective includes (a) mathematics, can be used as a synonym of algorithmically computable; (b) physics, an effective theory is, similar to a phenomenological theory, a framework intended to explain certain effects without the claim that the theory correctly models the underlying processes; (c) heat transfer, effectiveness is a measure of the performance of a heat exchanger; (d) business/management, effectiveness relates to getting the right things done; (e) human–computer interaction, the accuracy and completeness of users tasks while using a system; and (f) medicine, effectiveness relates to how well a treatment works in practice. This concept analysis will focus on effectiveness in relation to treating an illness and patient outcome. As previously stated, it is important to consider how treatments can also have an effect on the patient. A patient’s illness must acutely be treated, but it is imperative to also set long term goals so the most effective and desired outcome can be achieved. Walker & Avant (2005) describe defining, or critical attributes as the characteristics that are most frequently associated with a concept. These attributes are key factors that must be present in defining the concept that is analyzed. Literature reviewed helped determine the characteristics attributed to the concept of effective in terms of nursing and medical treatment including, being free of disease or illness, decreased discomfort and suffering, scientific support, and improved quality of life. Another characteristic of effective nursing and medical treatment that should be considered is cost. Patients are sometimes informed about optional medical treatments that are available, but experimental and not yet approved by the FDA, nor covered by one’s medical insurance. There are many experimental treatments that have proven to be effective in curing illness but sadly, most cannot afford to pay for these treatments. This also applies if a person’s insurance does not cover a specific test, medicine, or treatment. A patient’s personal experience should also be taken into consideration; people with the same illness could receive the same therapy or treatment, but have different outcomes. An 11 year old boy presents to the emergency department with an obvious deformity to his left lower leg after falling off his bike, he is triaged and quickly seen by a physician for treatment. The physician puts a cast on his leg and informs the boy’s parents that his injury is not indicative of surgery and the bone should heal properly while casted. They are told to return in six weeks to have the cast removed and to evaluate the healing progression. The boy’s parents are then advised of activity restrictions, given a prescription for as needed pain medication and discharged home. They returned six weeks later and reported compliancy with the activity restrictions and he that only complained of pain the first couple days following the injury, which was managed well by the prescribed pain medication. The physician’s reassessment of the patient’s leg indicated optimal healing had occurred and the cast was removed, thus achieving the desired outcome. This case identifies that the patient’s pain was well managed and restrictions on activity were followed. The outcome identifies the patient is free of injury and discomfort, and quality of life was not affected, modeling all the critical attributes indicative of effective treatment. An 18 year old male is transported to a hospital via ambulance for an injury he sustained while playing in his high school’s football game. It was is reported to the healthcare team that he was tackled to the ground by an opposing player and Due to the risk of injury to his spinal cord and the patient complaining of sever back pain, radiological tests were performed. Tests showed in addition to the injury sustained during the game, he also suffered from some degree of spinal stenosis. The physicians explained a need for immediate treatment as it was imperative to surgically repair the damage to his spine by undergoing a spinal fusion. The physicians also inform them in order to achieve optimal healing and reduce the risk of further, irreversible long term damage, he will be unable to play football again. This news is very upsetting for the patient because not only is he unable to play again, it was his dream to make football a career and was already accepted to college on a football scholarship. This patient was discharged from the hospital a week after his surgery with outpatient physical therapy sessions if needed and a prescription for pain medication. The healthcare team explained to the patient, despite the possibility of mild back pain, the surgical treatment he underwent was effective. The concept of effective treatment related to this patient’s injury is that of a borderline case. Although the outcome of his treatment restricts his physical activity, healthcare providers were able to successfully treat his injury with surgical intervention. Pain medication was prescribed to decrease any discomfort or pain that may occur because from experience and scientific data, healthcare providers are able to recognize what treatments are proven successful to achieve the best outcome for the patient. A 17 year old girl, suffering from anorexia and bulimia, is admitted to the hospital for the fifth time in seven months. Every admission, including this one, she has received enteral feedings to improve caloric intake and hemodynamic status. The psychological status of this patient is also evaluated by a hospital therapist in addition to ongoing outpatient treatment for her eating disorder. The patient’s parents voice their concerns to the healthcare team about her deteriorating health status and frustrations with outpatient therapy not being effective. They are concerned because even though her health status improves with the treatment she receives in the hospital, outpatient therapy is not helping her maintain it. The physicians recognize with her parent’s concerns and agree she needs intensive therapy from an inpatient facility that specializes in eating disorders. However, the patient’s insurance will not cover extended inpatient treatment and is too expensive for her parents to pay out of pocket, so they must continue treatment that has been seemingly ineffective to her recovery. The outcome in this scenario is that of a contrary case of effective nursing or medical treatment. Although this patient is always acutely treated, she is not free of her disease because she continues to purge food or not eat at all. Her quality of life is also effected due to multiple hospital admits and her daily struggle with food. This patient’s outpatient therapy shows to be ineffective and sadly she continues to suffer with a n eating disorder. It is essential to discuss related framework to identify and clarify the meaning of an analyzed concept. Walker & Avant (2005) define antecedents as events that must occur prior to the occurrence of the concept. In order for a therapy or treatment to be effective, there first must be a person with an injury or illness who seeks medical care. After an individual has gone to an emergency department, urgent care, or physician’s office, they are evaluated by a healthcare team that includes a physician and nurse. Then, the healthcare team diagnosis’s the patient before deciding on the type of treatment warranted to treat their injury or illness. It’s imperative to include the patient in deciding treatment as â€Å"active patient involvement in medical decision making improves their quality of life and outcomes from treatment† (Egger, 1995. p. 384). When a type of treatment has been determined, it may require the patient to legally consent. The patient’s healthcare team is responsible for informing them about the treatment and any associated risks that may occur as a result. Once the patient’s treatment is completed they will be evaluated by the healthcare team, thus resulting in a patient outcome. The consequences, or events that occur as a result of, are the outcomes of a concept (Walker & Avant 2011). The consequences effective medical treatment are improved health status, decreased need for health services, increased patient satisfaction, and healing. All of these outcomes are desired by the patient as well as the healthcare team. These outcomes can have a huge influence on healthcare by providing data for healthcare providers and individuals researching treatment options. â€Å"Outcomes are the ultimate test of the effectiveness of medical care. Patient outcomes are clinical endpoints, functional status, general well-being, and satisfaction with medical care† (Coyle & Battles, 1999. p. 5). Empirical referents can be described as actual phenomena that by their actual existence or presence demonstrated the occurrence of a concept, in which is proven useful in instrument development (Walker & Avant, 2005). It is important to note that empirical referents measure and relate to the defining attributes of effective, not just the concept itself (Walker & Avant, 2011). Since effective (medical treatment) is subjective as well as objective, it is essential to consider both phenomena that occur with this concept. Improved health status is the most significant phenomena associated with effective health treatment, both subjectively and objectively, relating to the attribute of being free from illness or injury and quality of life. The healthcare team objectively considers a patient’s treatment as effective if it has cured illness, resolved injury, or improved quality of life. Scientific research provide healthcare providers with support in determining what medical treatment has proven effective. For patients, aside from being free of illness or injury, quality of life is typically the most important. There are many different treatments that cure illnesses, but sometimes alter a person’s quality of life. A patient can be in remission from cancer by receiving radiation and chemotherapy, but also causing a negative impact on their functionality, appearance, and general well-being. In order to determine how treatment has effected a patient’s quality of life, healthcare providers must formulate their own opinion based off of their knowledge of the patient and assess how the patient feels the treatment has impacted their life. Lastly, a patient’s use of medical services will be decreased or not needed at all. This analysis of the concept of effective medical treatment is defined as an outcome producing the intended or desired outcome. This concept has also shown to be complex, being that it is subjective as well as objective. Healthcare providers and patients must agree that the treatment was effective to the illness or injury. Effective medical treatment is achieved after a person with an illness or injury seeks medical attention and receives treatment for it. A review of literature on this concept concludes that to improve quality of life and patient satisfaction, the healthcare team must integrate the patient’s values and preferences about the intended treatment or therapy (Egger, 1995). References Coyle, Y. M., & Battles, J. B. (1999). Using antecedents of medical care to develop valid quality of care measures. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 11(1), 5-12. Effective. (n.d. a). In Definitions.net. Retrieved from http://www.definitions.net/definition/effective Effective. (n.d. b). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective Egger, M. (1995). Systematic reviews in health care: Meta-analysis in context. London: Wiley. Stedman’s Medical Dictionary. (2006). Effectiveness. Retrieved from http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary/effectivness Walker, L., & Avant, K. (2005). Strategies for theory construction in nursing. (4th ed.). United States of America: Prentice Hall. Walker, L., & Avant, K. (2011). Strategies for theory construction in nursing. (5th ed.). United States of America: Prentice Hall. View as multi-pages

Pine Beetle

Mountain pine beetles (MPB) are the most important insect pest of Colorado's pine forests. MPB often kill large numbers of trees annually during outbreaks. Trees that are not growing vigorously due to old age, crowding, poor growing conditions, drought, fire or mechanical damage, root disease and other causes are most likely to be attacked. For a long-term remedy, thin susceptible stands. Leave well-spaced, healthy trees. For short-term controls, spray, cover, burn or peel attacked trees to kill the beetles. Preventive sprays can protect green, unattacked trees. [pic] |[pic] | |Figure 1: Adult Dendroctonus (left) versus Ips (right). Note gradually curved wing of | |Dendroctonus. Actual size of Dendroctonus from 1/8 to 1/3 inch, Ips 1/3 to 1/4 inch. | Mountain pine beetle (MPB), Dendroctonus ponderosae, is native to the forests of western North America. Periodic outbreaks of the insect, previously called the Black Hills beetle or Rocky Mountain pine beetle, can result in losses of mi llions of trees.Outbreaks develop irrespective of property lines, being equally evident in wilderness areas, mountain subdivisions and back yards. Even windbreak or landscape pines many miles from the mountains can succumb to beetles imported in infested firewood. Mountain pine beetles develop in pines, particularly ponderosa, lodgepole, Scotch and limber pine. Bristlecone and pinyon pine are less commonly attacked. During early stages of an outbreak, attacks are limited largely to trees under stress from injury, poor site conditions, fire damage, overcrowding, root disease or old age.However, as beetle populations increase, MPB attacks may involve most large trees in the outbreak area. A related insect, the Douglas-fir beetle (D. pseudotsugae), occasionally damages Douglas-fir. Most often, outbreaks are associated with previous injury by fire or western spruce budworm. (See fact sheet 5. 543, Western Spruce Budworms). Spruce beetle (D. rufipennis) is a pest of Engelmann and Colorad o blue spruce in Colorado. Injured pines also can be attacked by the red turpentine beetle (D. valens).Mountain pine beetles and related bark beetles in the genus Dendroctonus can be distinguished from other large bark beetles in pines by the shape of the hind wing cover (Figure 1, top). In side view, it is gradually curved. The wing cover of Ips or engraver beetles, another common group of bark beetles attacking conifers, is sharply spined (Figure 1, bottom). Signs and Symptoms of MPB Attack Popcorn-shaped masses of resin, called â€Å"pitch tubes,† on the trunk where beetle tunneling begins. Pitch tubes may be brown, pink or white (Figures 2 and 6).Boring dust in bark crevices and on the ground immediately adjacent to the tree base. Evidence of woodpecker feeding on trunk. Patches of bark are removed and bark flakes lie on the ground or snow below tree. Foliage turning yellowish to reddish throughout the entire tree crown. This usually occurs eight to 10 months after a succ essful MPB attack. Presence of live MPB (eggs, larvae, pupae and/or adults) as well as galleries under bark. This is the most certain indicator of infestation. A hatchet for removal of bark is needed to check trees correctly (Figures 3, 5 and 8). Bluestained sapwood (Figure 9).Check at more than one point around the tree's circumference. |[pic] | |Figure 10: Large, uninfested pine being preventively sprayed. This | |protects high-value trees and should be done annually between April 1 | |and July 1. | Natural controls of mountain pine beetle include woodpeckers and insects such as clerid beetles that feed on adults and larvae under the bark. However, during outbreaks these natural controls often fail to prevent additional attacks. Extreme cold temperatures also can reduce MPB populations.For winter mortality to be a significant factor, a severe freeze is necessary while the insect is in its most vulnerable stage; i. e. , in the fall before the larvae have metabolized glycerols, or in late spring when the insect is molting into the pupal stage. For freezing temperatures to affect a large number of larvae during the middle of winter, temperatures of at least 30 degrees below zero (Fahrenheit) must be sustained for at least five days. Logs infested with MPB can be treated in various ways to kill developing beetles before they emerge as adults in summer.One very effective way to kill larvae developing under the bark (though very labor intensive) is by peeling away the bark, either by hand or mechanically; this exposes the larvae to unfavorable conditions — the larvae will dehydrate, starve and eventually die. Logs my also be burned or scorched in a pile — preferably when there is snow on the ground (contact your local forester for assistance). They can also be buried under at least eight inches of soil, or chipped. Following beetle emergence, wood can be used without threat to other trees.Chemical control options for MPB larvae have been greatly lim ited in recent years. At present, there are no labeled pesticides for use on MPB. Solar treatments may be appropriate in some areas of Colorado to reduce beetle populations in infested trees. For the treatment to be effective, the temperature under the bark much reach 110 degrees Fahrenheit or more. Such treatments can be performed with or without plastic. This method is also labor intensive; contact your local forester for more details on solar treatments. Prevention An important method of prevention involves forest management.In general, MPB prefers forests that are old and dense. Managing the forest by creating diversity in age and structure with result in a healthy forest that will be more resilient and, thus, less vulnerable to MPB. Most mature Colorado forests have about twice as many trees per acre as those forests which are more resistent to MPB. Contact your local forester for more information on forest management practices. Certain formulations of carbaryl (Sevin and other s) permethrin (Astro, Dragnet and others), and bifenthrin (Onyx) are registered for use to prevent attacks on individual trees.These sprays are applied to living green trees in early summer to kill or deter attacking beetles. This preventive spray is generally quite effective through one MPB flight (one year). |[pic] | |Figure 11: The appearance of a forest thinned to help prevent MPB. This| |can also improve mountain views and reduce fire hazard. | During epidemic conditions, the pressure from beetle populations may result in less satisfactory results due to several factors:

Interpreting Financial Reports

Companies like ABC SDN BHD, a corporation in Malaysia prepare and furnish financial statements on a regular basis for the purpose of providing stakeholders reports of the company’s financial standing. However, accounting is not easy to analyze regarding how a particular company is doing financially in relation to others in the industry. One of the best ways to compare two businesses is to perform a ratio analysis on the company’s financial statements. A ratio analysis is commonly use in financial statements that looks at various numbers, such as net profit or total expenses and analyze the relationship between each other.According to Parrino, financial ratios are used in financial analysis to eliminate problems caused by comparing two or more companies of different size or when looking at the same company over time as the size changes (p. 85) Financial Ratios are grouped by their purpose but the most common ratios are Liquidity, Debt, Turnover, and Profitability. The ke y users of financial ratios have variations. Short-term creditors may use liquidity ratio. Potential lenders or existing lenders may use leverage ratio, and top corporations may use turnover ratio.Investors and stockholders may be more interested with profitability ratio to get their information. The two most common Liquidity Ratio are Current and Quick Ratio. Inventory Turnover Ratio, Accounts Receivable Turnover or Total Asset Turnover ratios can be used to determine a company’s turnover or efficiency ratio. To determine a company’s leverage, the Debt Ratio or the Debt-to-Equity Ratio is the preferred tool to use. The Return on Assets Ratio can determine the profitability of the company,The financial highlight of ABC SDN BHD, a corporation in Malaysia describes profitability, liquidity, assets, and capital. The company’s profitability shows a decrease in turnover, recovery of earnings, and lower cost of sales but higher total operating expenses. The companyâ⠂¬â„¢s liquidity shows a satisfactory liquidity standing and experienced cash flow inflexibility. The company’s asset management shows a reduced efficiency of the management of units and assets, lengthened collection but shortened payment periods, and a good inventory control.The company’s capital structure and solvency undertaken a much greater current liabilities than long-term liabilities to finance its operation, and the current liabilities are reported to be rising. There is a lower leveraged for the group more dependent on equity than debt to fund its assets. Through financial statements, a company can compare and rate their performance with related industry. The key is to select companies to invest in and compare rate of returns, future terms, and evaluate potency and weak points.Comparative study of ratios and benchmark are useful for investors and management. Management can use it to get information for future decision-making process, and investors can analyze related risk. According to Northwest Farm Credit Service, a ratio greater than 1. 50 is considered good, between 1. 00 and 1. 50 is descent, and less than 1. 00 is not promising. Equivalent to at least 20 % of total annual operating expenses is fakir for debt to assets ratio and should be less than 30 % to be thought of as a good one. 30 to 50 % descent and greater than 50 % is considered poor.Operating margin of 25 % or greater is good, 10 % to 25 % descent, and less than 10 % is below average (2008) Ratio comparison provides important information to businesses and potential investors and shareholders. However, although ratio calculation provides a glimpse of the financial status, of a company, it can be misleading if not interpreted properly. Fluctuations occur from quarter to quarter and numbers can change, depending upon sales, stocks, revenue, and operating cost. Ratio comparison is a valuable toot if caution is taken into consideration.

Economic Environment Essay

We aim to provide the public with an effective and cheap solution in cleaning their clothes. We carry this out with a Triple-Action Laundry detergent which has an anti-bacteria content that also leaves the clothes clean, good as new and scented. Target Market Our target consumers are between the ages of 11 and 60 who can wash clothes and are responsible in choosing laundry detergents to use (cited in Phil48Girl, 2010). Our customers are normally member of the household and wash their own clothes. We consider not only the mother but everybody who needs their clothes clean and fragrant without spending a lot. Direct Competitors There are several laundry detergent brand manufacturers. But, only some are real companies. There are solo individuals that are also marketing in small towns. However, our product will speak for itself as it is very effective, very gentle to clothes and with adorable scent. We will also apply a door-to-door marketing strategy to introduce our product directly to our customers that other companies haven’t tried before. Political-Legal Environment We will manage to prepare legal papers and permits allowing us to do our marketing and productions on each place to avoid illegal problems. Social-Cultural Environment Social Medias like TV and radio, as well as, social networking online using Facebook and Twitter will be used as leverage. Our customers are well exposed to such Medias. Economic Environment Our product is immune with the economic crisis as we are offering it in a very low cost. Our customers are flexible and not affected as they need our product regularly. Technological Environment Our productions are well supported with generators for incidental loss of electricity. We also maintain substitute equipments when the manufacturing system is down. Summary The above analysis is reasonably confident enough to enter the actual market. Introducing the Triple-Action Laundry detergent, that is very affordable in price. There is a maximum range of prospect consumers in the market as everybody needs our product. Strategic marketing will be imposed as the company aim to reach more customers by bringing the product directly to their homes. The company will maintain the brand name in legal processes and will reach more people through social Medias and computer technology. We are also flexible to adjust technically in terms of economic and technological problems once occured. The above is a list of actions which needs to be executed properly, as a marketing plan with no reverberation of tactical foundation is useless (cited in Wikipedia, 2010). Considering the analysis of the different environment in this report brings out what to do and what should not be done during the process. Careful manipulation and management requires cooperation and good leadership to accomplish the goal. References: More Business (2010, March 26) Sample Marketing Pla. March 26, 2010, from www. morebusiness. com/templates_worksheets/bplans/printpre. brc Phil48Girl (2010, March 26) How to Teach Your Children to Wash Clothes. March 26,2010 from http://www. ehow. com/how_4693877_teach-children-wash-clothes. html Wikipedia (2010, March 26) Marketing Plan. March 26,2010 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Marketing_plan

Cultural analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cultural analysis - Essay Example Drawn from three different clusters according to the GLOBE culture clusters, the research will involve interviews on three cultural dimensions as discussed by both Hofstede and GLOBE cluster. The three clusters include Latin American, the Middle East and the Sub-Saharan Africa clusters. Evidence from the interviews conducted on the two clusters indicates that people acquire their cultural traits as they grow up. Regardless of the number of years they have been away from their places of birth, culture abandonment is unlikely. Results from the interviews revealed significant similarities and differences from the three cluster communities. Respondents in the interviews had been in the United States for over two years, which means they had adopted the American lifestyles. However, to determine whether the responses from the interviews were true, I will make a comparison with the cultural dimensions discussed by Hosftede and GLOBE. Finally, I will draw conclusions with references from the study findings. Individualism â€Å"Geert-Hofstede.Com† (web) defines individualism as the degree of interdependence that a society maintains among its members. Both respondents saw signi8ficant differences between the level of socialization in the United States and their places of origin. ... He associated this separation with the capitalism in the United States. According to the Middle East respondent, people in the United States are too busy to consider social lives, or take part in any form of social events. According to him, the American society, being too individualistic, people tend to indulge in other people’s lives. For him, this is opposite in their culture, especially whenever involved in any form, of religious groupings. These two tend to regroup with people of their origin even in the United States, as they cannot avoid having a belonging, which are people of their culture. Hofstede and GLOBE agrees with these responses. According to Hofstede, there is a higher level of individualism in the United States, than in the Middle East. However, the Sub-Saharan African countries score low in the level of individualism. United States rank at 91 on the level of individualism, while Middle East scores 25 and Sub-Saharan Africa scores 20. Power distance Hofstede d efines power distance as the extent to which less power people in the society’s institutions and organizations expect and accept unequal distribution of power Geert-(â€Å"Hofstede.Com† web). Power distance argues that both the followers and leaders endorse inequality. There is a higher level of power separation between leaders and subordinates in the Middle East than in Africa and United States. According to my interview with the Middle East respondent, they accord high respect to their leaders, and treat them, with respect and humbleness. To them, leadership is divine and religious. He agrees that there is a huge difference between the rich and the poor, with the rich being the most respectable people in the society. Although Africans share similar sentiment, he points

Hacking Exposed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hacking Exposed - Essay Example Similarly, he could acquire social security numbers of many persons at reputed ranks. Lamo misused Times’ LexisNexis account with intent to conduct some researches on various high profile subjects. In the words of Poulsen (2002), Lamo clearly found out ‘seven misconfigured proxy servers’ that acted as the connecting link between public internet and Times’ private intranet. As a result of his discovery; any person, who properly configuring his Web browser could have accessed into Times’ private intranet. Adrian Lamo was a journalism student who was seeking a job. According to the report of Ewalt and Hulme (2004), Lamo thought that hacking high security networks would give him fame so that he could get a reputed job. Therefore, it is obvious that Lamo did not ever think of making money out of act. In most of his hacking cases, he has informed the companies regarding their flows in database. It is reported that Lamo informed The New York Times about the weaker areas of its database and it indicates that his act did not intend to deceive Times. The hacking activity of Lamo at The New York Times indicates that he was a grey hat hacker. Grey hat hackers apply their skills in order to prove their eligibilities and thereby achieve public stature (Grey Hat Hackers).